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--- linux:mintstick [2020/08/09 11:57] – Wulf Rajek
+++ linux:mintstick [2024/12/27 23:36] (current) – [Partition USB Device] Wulf Rajek
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ====== Editable Mintstick ======
-NOTE: USE FAT32!!!
+Following are instructions to partition, format and prepare a USB stick to be able to boot and contain adjustments like additional drivers/packages or configuration files.
-GUI:
+===== Partition USB Device =====
+Gparted GUI method:
 <code>gparted</code>
   * delete partitions
@@ Line 10: / Line 12: @@
   * add boot flag
-Command line:
+Parted command line method:
 <code>
 umount /dev/sdX1
@@ Line 33: / Line 35: @@
 </code>
-Copy data and install boot loader:
+alt:
+<code>
+apt-get install parted
+parted --script /dev/sdX mklabel gpt
+parted --script --align=optimal /dev/sdX mkpart ESP fat32 1MiB 100%
+parted --script /dev/sdX set 1 boot on
+mkfs.vfat -n MINTSTICK /dev/sdX1
+mount -t vfat /dev/sdX1 /mnt
+cd /mnt
+uniso < /path/to/isofile.iso
+cd ~
+umount /mnt
+</code>
+===== Bootloader (MBR) =====
+Both syslinux and grub are disk-based boot loaders, and perform similar functions. They are the first software loaded from disk to run. syslinux has pretty much taken a more minimalist approach, whereas GRUB was much more extensive. GRUB also supports different filesystems through the use of a secondary loader.
+Ubuntu and its derivatives use both grub and syslinux. GRUB is shown when the ISO image is booted on EFI-capable machine. SYSLINUX is shown when the ISO image is booted on BIOS-only machine.
+Plymouth handles the progress dot animation, regardless of GRUB or SYSLINUX is shown.
+==== Syslinux ====
+Syslinux is FAT filesystem based.
+initialise using:
+<code>
+syslinux --install /dev/sdX1
+</code>
+This will alter the boot sector on the  disk  and  copy  a  file  named ldlinux.sys into its root directory.
+On boot time, by default, the kernel will be loaded from the image named LINUX in the root of the boot media.  This default can be changed,  see  the section on the syslinux configuration file.
+#Manual MBR installation and re-enabling partition boot flag
+<code>
+dd conv=notrunc bs=440 count=1 if=/usr/lib/syslinux/mbr.bin of=/dev/sdX
+parted /dev/sdX set 1 boot on
+</code>
+This will write the Syslinux mbr code (mbr.bin) into the master boot record of the drive,
+and mark first partition as active (bootable).
+Copy a Linux kernel image (like vmlinuz) to the root (/dev/sdX1) of your media.
+Lastly, create a 'syslinux.cfg' file in the root of your media (/dev/sdX1) and
+enter any configuration options you need/want.
+Additional information: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Syslinux
+==== Grub ====
 <code>
 sudo mkdir -p /mnt/usb
 sudo mount /dev/sdX1 /mnt/usb
 sudo grub-install --target=i386-pc --boot-directory="/mnt/usb/boot" /dev/sdX
+</code>
+EFI installation. Does not install in MBR:
+<code>
+sudo mkdir -p /mnt/usb
+sudo mount /dev/sdX1 /mnt/usb
+grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/mnt/usb --bootloader-id=GRUB
+</code>
+===== Copy data =====
+<code>
+sudo mkdir -p /mnt/usb
+sudo mount /dev/sdX1 /mnt/usb
 sudo mkdir -p /mnt/iso
@@ Line 45: / Line 109: @@
 </code>
-<code>
-ubnkern
-</code>