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--- linux:find [2017/11/25 20:02] – created Wuff
+++ linux:find [2025/05/19 12:15] (current) – [Recursively changing extension] Wuff
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ====== find examples ======
+General note to ''-exec {} +'' vs ''-exec {} \;'':
+The following executes program and sends a space separated list of quoted filenames to it. Program may be called multiple times if the amount of arguments exceeds ARG_MAX.
+<code>find . -exec program {} +</code>
+The following executes program with one! quoted filename, then executes program again with the next etc.
+<code>find . -exec program {} \;</code>
 Find and extract all rar files in subfolders into the current folder:
 <code>
 find . -name *.rar -exec unrar x {} \;
+</code>
+Find duplicate files:
+<code>
+find . ! -empty -type f -exec md5sum {} + | sort | uniq -w32 -dD
+</code>
+Find duplicate filenames:
+<code>
+find . -mindepth 1 -printf '%h %f\n' | sort -t ' ' -k 2,2 | uniq -f 1 --all-repeated=separate | tr ' ' '/'
+</code>
+Find files older than 7 years:
+<code>
+find . -mtime +2555 -print
+</code>
+Find directories containing files older than 30 days:
+<code>
+find . -type f -mtime +30 -printf '%h\n' | sort | uniq > old.txt
+</code>
+Find directories containing ONLY files older than 30 days (not working with subdirs properly):
+<code>
+find . -type f -mtime +30 -printf '%h\n' | sort | uniq > old.txt
+find . -type f -mtime -30 -printf '%h\n' | sort | uniq > new.txt
+grep -vf new.txt old.txt
+</code>
+Remove all old temporary MS Office lock files:
+<code>
+find . -type f -mtime +10 -name "~*" -print0 | xargs -r0 rm --
+</code>
+Show top level folders and full file count and file count>7years:
+<code>
+find . -maxdepth 1 -type d -print0 -exec echo -n " " \; -exec sh -c "find '{}' -type f | wc -l | tr -d '\n'" \; -exec echo -n " " \; -exec sh -c "find '{}' -type f -mtime +2555 | wc -l" \;
+</code>
+Convert tabs to spaces at the beginning of lines in source code:
+<code>
+find . -iname '*.php' -type f -exec bash -c 'expand -i -t 4 "$0" > /tmp/e && mv /tmp/e "$0"' {} \;
+</code>
+Better with 'sponge' from the moreutils package as it retains permissions:
+<code>
+find . -iname '*.php' -type f -exec bash -c 'expand -i -t 4 "$0" | sponge "$0"' {} \;
+</code>
+Fixing permissions of directories / files of a path:
+<code>
+find /path/to/base/dir -type d -print0 | xargs -0 chmod 755
+find /path/to/base/dir -type f -print0 | xargs -0 chmod 644
+</code>
+Recursive file renaming (e.g. from "something [xxxxp].ext" to "something.xxxxp.ext") :
+<code>
+#NOTE: use -n in rename parameter to test!
+find . -type f -name "*\[*" -print0 | xargs -r0 rename 's/(.*) \[(\d\d\d\d?p)\](.*)/$1.$2$3/' --
+</code>
+Recursive file renaming extension (e.g. from "something.oldext" to "something.newext") :
+<code>
+find . -type f -name '*.oldext' -print0 | xargs -0 rename 's/\.oldext/\.newext/'
+</code>
+Move files in subdirectories to other directory while retaining directory structure
+<code>
+find . -maxdepth 2 -type f -print | cpio -pvdumB /media/music/_OrganizeA_Leftover ; find . -maxdepth 2 -type f -delete
+#Do this for each directory
+for d in */; do
+    cd $d; find . -maxdepth 2 -type f -print | cpio -pvdumB /media/music/_OrganizeA_Leftover ; find . -maxdepth 2 -type f -delete; cd ..
+done
+#If directory must not have trailing /, use this in substitution
+${d%/*}
+delete empty directories:
+find /home/something/ -type d -empty -delete
+</code>
+====== Replace spaces with underscores ======
+Mass replace spaces with underscores
+<code>
+for file in *; do mv "$file" `echo $file | tr ' ' '_'` ; done
+</code>
+====== Find largest subdirectories ======
+<code>
+du -hd1 | sort -h
+</code>
+====== Recursively changing extension ======
+<code>
+find . -type f -name "*.part" -exec sh -c 'mv "$1" "${1%.part}.!qB"' _ {} \;
+find . -type f -name '*.JPG' -print0 | xargs -0 sudo rename 's/.JPG$/.jpg/'
+</code>
+====== Recursively delete empty directories ======
+<code>
+find . -type d -empty -delete
 </code>