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--- howto:merge-video [2022/08/30 22:31] – Wulf Rajek
+++ howto:merge-video [2025/04/03 23:58] (current) – Wulf Rajek
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ====== Merge/Combine/Join Video ======
+GUI tool for mkv files. Older version is in default debian/ubuntu repositories, but latest can be installed in Mint using, afterwards associate mkv files with mktoolnix:
+<code>
+sudo wget -O /usr/share/keyrings/gpg-pub-moritzbunkus.gpg https://mkvtoolnix.download/gpg-pub-moritzbunkus.gpg
+cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mkvtoolnix.list
+deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/gpg-pub-moritzbunkus.gpg] https://mkvtoolnix.download/linuxmint/ vanessa main
+deb-src [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/gpg-pub-moritzbunkus.gpg] https://mkvtoolnix.download/linuxmint/ vanessa main
+EOF
+sudo apt update
+sudo apt install mkvtoolnix mkvtoolnix-gui
+</code>
+{{:howto:pasted:20241124-224334.png}}
 MPG/MPEG files:
@@ Line 7: / Line 21: @@
 </code>
-WMV files (same codec/properties):
+WMV/MP4 files (same codec/properties):
 <code>
 ls -la > list.txt
@@ Line 20: / Line 34: @@
 ffmpeg -f concat -safe 0 -i list.txt -c copy outputfilename.wmv
+#or
+ffmpeg -f concat -safe 0 -i video1.wmv video2.wmv video3.wmv -c copy outputfilename.wmv
 </code>
 https://stackoverflow.com/questions/49371422/how-to-merge-two-videos-without-re-encoding/49373401#49373401
+Script for multiple conversions based on filename pattern. Converts all related files that have a number at the end and start with 1:
+<code>
+#!/bin/bash
+SAVEIFS=$IFS
+IFS=$(echo -en "\n\b")
+for f in *1.wmv
+do
+  shortfile=${f::-5}
+  echo "file '"$shortfile"1.wmv" > list.txt
+  echo "file '"$shortfile"2.wmv" >> list.txt
+  echo "file '"$shortfile"3.wmv" >> list.txt
+  ffmpeg -f concat -safe 0 -i list.txt -c copy $shortfile.wmv
+  rm list.txt
+done
+IFS=$SAVEIFS
+</code>
+Script to merge files:
+<code bash video_merge.sh>
+#!/bin/bash
+# Check if a parameter is provided
+if [ -z "$1" ]; then
+    echo "Usage: "$(basename $0)" <files>"
+    exit 1
+fi
+TMPFILE=$(mktemp)
+for input in "$@";
+do
+    if [ -f "$input" ]; then
+        if [ "$container" == "" ]; then
+            container="${input##*.}"
+        fi
+        if [ "$container" != "${input##*.}" ]; then
+            echo "Files need to be in same format to merge!"
+            echo "Abandoning merge"
+            if [ -f "$TMPFILE" ]; then
+                rm $TMPFILE
+            fi
+            echo;read -rsn1 -p "Press any key to continue . . .";echo
+            exit
+        fi
+        echo "file '$input'" >> $TMPFILE
+        container="${input##*.}"
+        filename=${input%.*}
+    fi
+done
+output="$filename.mergedprogress.$container"
+sort -n -o $TMPFILE"_sort" $TMPFILE
+echo "The following files will be merged in this order:"
+cat $TMPFILE"_sort"
+echo;read -rsn1 -p "Press any key to continue . . .";echo
+cmd='ffmpeg -f concat -safe 0 -i "'"$TMPFILE"'_sort" -c copy "'"$output"'"'
+eval $cmd
+if [ $? -eq 0 ];
+then
+    actualheight=$(ffprobe -v error -select_streams v -show_entries stream=height -of csv=p=0:s=x "$output")
+    #output2="${output%.*}."$actualheight"p.$container"
+    output2="${output//.mergedprogress./.$actualheight""p.merged.}"
+    mv "$output" "$output2"
+    echo "Output file: $output2"
+    rm $TMPFILE
+    rm $TMPFILE"_sort"
+else
+    echo "An error occured. File not converted properly!"
+    echo "Full ffmpeg command:"
+    echo "$cmd"
+fi
+echo;read -rsn1 -p "Press any key to continue . . .";echo
+</code>
+Nemo action to call this merge script (to be put in ~/.local/share/nemo/actions:
+<code - video_merge.nemo_action>
+[Nemo Action]
+Name=Video Merge
+Comment=Video Merge
+Exec=video_merge.sh %F
+Icon-Name=stock_down
+Selection=m
+Extensions=mp4;wmv;avi;mkv;mov
+Quote=double
+EscapeSpaces=true
+Terminal=true
+</code>
+alternative merge script with chapters, inspired by https://gist.github.com/bdurrow/b51470869dd72b2333407dbfcb947801 has some issues with single quotes in filenames or paths.
+<code bash video_mergechapters.sh>
+#!/bin/bash
+#http://redsymbol.net/articles/unofficial-bash-strict-mode/
+set -euo pipefail
+IFS=$'\n\t'
+cd "$1"
+echo "$1"
+## Script to merge all mp4 videos in current directory (recursively 2 levels)
+## And update chapter marks to retain the folder/filename
+## Script for merging videos
+temp_dir=$(mktemp -d)
+function finish {
+  rc=$?
+  if [[ $rc != 0 ]]; then
+    echo
+    echo "FAILED!"
+  fi
+  echo -n "Cleaning up "
+  rm -rf "${temp_dir}"
+  echo "..........[ DONE ]"
+  exit $rc
+}
+trap finish SIGHUP EXIT
+current_dir=$(pwd)
+bname=$(basename ${current_dir})
+final_mp4=${bname}.mp4
+input_list=${temp_dir}/${bname}-input_list.txt
+file_list=${temp_dir}/${bname}-file_list
+meta_file=${temp_dir}/${bname}-metadata.txt
+#Hopefully this will work for either BSD or GNU sed
+extended_match="-r"
+echo "" | sed ${extended_match} 's|foo|bar|' 2>/dev/null || extended_match="-E"
+if [ -e "${final_mp4}" ]; then
+    echo "${final_mp4} already exists, please remove it."
+    echo;read -rsn1 -p "Press any key to continue . . .";echo
+    exit 1
+fi
+echo -n "Generating file lists "
+find . -maxdepth 2 -type f -iname '*.mp4' | sort -V |
+    sed -e 's|^./||' | sed -e "s|'|'\"'\"'|" |
+    tee "${file_list}" |
+    awk "{printf \"file '${current_dir}/%s'\n\", \$0}" > "${input_list}"
+echo "..........[ DONE ]"
+cat "${input_list}"
+echo;read -rsn1 -p "Press any key to continue . . .";echo
+## chapter marks
+#Do this first so we fail early
+#TODO: Test (‘=’, ‘;’, ‘#’, ‘\’) are escaped
+ts=0
+echo -n "Generating chapter marks "
+ffmpeg -i "$(head -1 "${file_list}")" -f ffmetadata "${meta_file}" -v quiet
+cat "${file_list}" | while read file
+do
+    ds=$(ffprobe -v quiet -of csv=p=0 -show_entries format=duration "${file}")
+    # echo "$ds"
+    escaped_title=$(echo ${file} | sed ${extended_match} -e 's|([=;#\])|\\\1|g' -e 's|.[Mm][Pp]4$||' )
+    echo "[CHAPTER]" >> "${meta_file}"
+    echo "TIMEBASE=1/1" >> "${meta_file}"
+    echo "START=${ts}" >> "${meta_file}"
+    ts=$(awk "BEGIN {print ${ts}+${ds}; exit}")
+    echo "END=${ts}" >> "${meta_file}"
+    echo "TITLE=${escaped_title}" >> "${meta_file}"
+done
+echo "..........[ DONE ]"
+echo -n "Merging the files "
+ffmpeg -f concat -safe 0 -i "${input_list}" -i "${meta_file}" -map_metadata 1 -codec copy "${final_mp4}" -v quiet
+echo "..........[ DONE ]"
+echo "Job Completed."
+echo;read -rsn1 -p "Press any key to continue . . .";echo
+</code>
+Notes re subtitles:
+note: mp4 format does not support ass or srt subtitles, but mov_text subtitles. ffmpeg can convert them. formatting from ass subtitles will be lost.
+Embed srt subtitle file into mp4 as additional user-controllable track:
+<code>ffmpeg -i infile.mp4 -i infile.srt -c copy -c:s mov_text outfile.mp4</code>
+set metadata of first subtitle stream to english:
+<code>ffmpeg -i infile.mp4 -i infile.srt -c copy -c:s mov_text -metadata:s:s:0 language=eng outfile.mp4
+ffmpeg -i infile.mp4 -i infile.ass -c copy -c:s mov_text -metadata:s:s:0 language=eng outfile.mp4
+</code>
+extract subtitle from video:
+<code>ffmpeg -i Movie.mkv -map 0:s:0 subs.srt</code>
+Multiple subs require mapping, otherwise first sub will be overwritten
+First add another input: -i input2.srt. Second, map that as 2nd stream: -map 2:0. Finally, select encoder for 2nd subtitle stream (the same as the first one): -c:s srt. The complete example\ <code>ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -f srt -i input.srt -i input2.srt -map 0:0 -map 0:1 -map 1:0 -map 2:0 -c:v copy -c:a copy -c:s srt -c:s srt output.mkv </code>
+convert srt to ass or ass to srt:
+<code>ffmpeg -i input.srt input.ass
+ffmpeg -i input.ass input.srt
+</code>
+Remove audio from a video file:
+<code>
+ffmpeg -i input_file -c copy -an output_file
+# remove all but a specific language audio streams
+ffmpeg -i input_file -map 0 -map -0:a -map 0:a:m:language:fre -c copy output_file
+</code>